The researcher changes one thing:

Table of Contents

The researcher changes one thing:

In marketing experiments:

Causal research

Marketing decision making:

Marketing decision making:

Causation

Correlation (or concomitant variation)

Appropriate time order of occurrence

Elimination of other possible causal factors

Extraneous factorsas possible causes of observed effect:

Extraneous factorsas possible causes of observed effect:

Extraneous factorsas possible causes of observed effect:

Extraneous factorsas possible causes of observed effect:

Extraneous factorsas possible causes of observed effect:

Extraneous factorsas possible causes of observed effect:

Extraneous factorsas possible causes of observed effect:

Experimental Design

Pre-experimental design

True experimental designs

True experimental designs

Example

Example

Example

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